Hangul – 한글

Consonants – 자음

Dictionary Order: ㄱ, (ㄲ), ㄴ, ㄷ, (ㄸ), ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, (ㅃ), ㅅ, (ㅆ), ㅇ, ㅈ, (ㅉ), ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅍ, ㅎ

 Sound Order Chart:

***Notes: The sound letters listed above are approximate correlations.  Just as English has its own specific sounds for its letters, so does Korean.  Pay more attention to the “Similar to” column listed above, these are closer to the actual Korean sound than the independent Romanized letters.

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 Vowels – 모음

Dictionary Order: ㅏ, (ㅐ, ㅒ), ㅑ, ㅓ, (ㅔ, ㅖ), ㅕ, ㅗ, (ㅘ, ㅙ, ㅚ), ㅛ, ㅜ, (ㅝ, ㅞ, ㅟ), ㅠ, ㅡ, (ㅢ), ㅣ

Sound Order Chart:

***Notes: Some of the above vowels have lost some distinction from one another in modern speaking.  While some older people (above age 60) still have some differences in the vowels like ㅐ and ㅔ, and their diphthong formationsㅙ, ㅞ, ㅚ,  younger speakers have no difference in standard Korean pronunciation.  The distinction between ㅒ, and ㅖ, has also been lost among the younger generation and ㅖ, may be pronounced as ㅔ after some consonants (except ㄹ).

ㅢ is also a difficult vowel to pronounce.  Depending on the situation it has a varied pronunciation.  ㅢat the initial sullable position without any preceding consonant it may be pronounced as ㅡ : 의사  [ 의사  |  으사 ]. ㅢat the non-initial position of a syllable or at the syllable-initial position with a preceding consonant, ㅢmay be pronounced as ㅣ: 회의  [회의  |  회이 ]. When ㅢ is used as a possessive particle, it may be pronounced as ㅔ : 우리의  [ 우리의  |  우리에 ]   의의의  [ 으이에 ]

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Formation of some vowels and diphthongs

ㅐ   =   ㅏ   +  ㅣ

 ㅒ   =   ㅑ  +  ㅣ   

 ㅔ   =   ㅓ  +  ㅣ

 ㅖ   =   ㅕ   +  ㅣ

 ㅢ   =   ㅡ    +  ㅣ 

ㅟ   =    ㅜ  +  ㅣ

 ㅚ   =   ㅗ   +   ㅣ

ㅘ    =   ㅗ    +  ㅏ

ㅙ   =   ㅗ  +   ㅐ

 ㅝ   =   ㅜ   +   ㅓ

ㅞ   =   ㅜ   +ㅔ